Nepal has topographic variation
from about 150 meters above sea level at the southern border to the highest
mountain in the world (Everest at 8 848 m) in the north. Nepal has a tropical
climate in the south and temperate and alpine climates in the north. Forest
types also vary accordingly.
Forest
types according to Altitudes (Source: http://www.forestrynepal.org/)
Forest Types
|
Altitude
|
Vegetation
|
Tropical Forests
(in Terai, Bhavar regions)
|
Upto 1000masl from
lowlands
|
Sal (Shorea robusta), Khair (Acacia catechu),
Sissoo
(Dalbergia sissoo), Characteristic grass species are Saccharum spontaneum, Phragmites karka, Arundo donax and Eulaliopsis binata in the grasslands, The forests are evergreen
with trees suitable for high temperature and more rainfall.
|
Sub-Tropical
Forests (in Siwalik hills, Southern part of Mahabharat Range)
|
1000 masl -2000 masl
in the west
1000 masl -1700 masl
in the east
|
Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii), Schima
wallichii, Castanopsis indica, Utis (Alnus nepalensis),
|
Lower Temperate
Forests (in Mahabharat Range , Middle mountainous region of Nepal)
|
2000 masl -2700 masl
in the west
1700 masl -2400 masl
in the east
|
Oak (Quercus species), Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana),
|
Upper Temperate
Forests
|
2700 masl -3100 masl
in the west and centre
2400 masl -2800 masl in the east
|
Khasru (Quercus
semecarpifolia), Rhododendron arboreum, Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana), Juniperus indica, Cedrus
deodara, Fir (Abies pindrow)
Plants of medicinal value are found abundantly.
|
Sub-Alpine Forests
|
3000 masl to 4200 masl
in the west
around 3000 masl in
the east
|
Fir (Abies spectabilis), Khasru
(Quercus semecarpifolia), Rhododendron spp, Birch (Betula utilis), Juniperus indica
|
There is no tree in alpine zone, but shrubby
rhododendrons and junipers and some other shrubby species (Hippophae
rhamniodes, Cotoneaster microphyllus) are found at lower elevations, up
to 4500 m. Above 4500 m there is
permanent snow cover.
|
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